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Display Traffic Light System in ALV Report

In the context of SAP ALV (ABAP List Viewer), a traffic light system is a visual representation used to indicate the status of certain data points. Typically, it uses color-coded indicators similar to traffic lights (red, yellow, green) to convey different states or conditions of the data. The traffic light system is used to quickly convey information at a glance, making it easier for users to understand the status of data without having to analyze detailed numbers or descriptions.

Steps

1. ALV needs to be displayed using FM ''REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY"
2. One field needs to be included to hold traffic light value in the internal table structure (type C length     1). Value 1 will be assigned for red light, 2 will be assigned for yellow light and 3 will be assigned         for green light.
            Example:
                    ***If the field is defined as ICON and included in internal table structure
                            ***For condition 1:
                                        ICON = 1. "Red Traffic Light
                            ***For condition 2:
                                        ICON = 2. "Yellow Traffic Light
                            ***For condition 3:
                                        ICON = 3. "Green Traffic Light
                         
3. One work area needs to be defined using 'SLIS_LAYOUT_ALV' structure.
            Example:
                      DATA: wa_layout TYPE SLIS_LAYOUT_ALV.

4. Now assign the internal table structure field (ICON) into layout work area (wa_layout) field "LIGHTS_FIELDNAME"
            Example:
                    wa_layout-lights_fieldname = 'ICON'.

5. Assign exporting parameters of the FM "IS_LAYOUT" as wa_layout.

            Example:
                    CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
                            EXPORTING
                                    is_layout          = wa_layout

Code Example:
TYPE-POOLS: slis.  " SLIS contains all the ALV data types
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Data Types
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_sbook.
        INCLUDE STRUCTURE sbook.
TYPES: icon TYPE c,  " Add field to hold traffic light value
       END OF ty_sbook.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Data Declaration
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
DATA: it_sbook     TYPE TABLE OF ty_sbook.
DATA: wa_sbook     TYPE ty_sbook.
DATA: it_fieldcat  TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv,
      wa_fieldcat  TYPE slis_fieldcat_alv.
DATA: is_layout    TYPE slis_layout_alv.
DATA: g_repid      TYPE sy-repid.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& START-OF-SELECTION
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
START-OF-SELECTION.
  g_repid = sy-repid.
*Fetch data from the database
  SELECT * UP TO 20 ROWS FROM sbook INTO TABLE it_sbook.

*Assign different traffic lights to each row based on condition
  LOOP AT it_sbook INTO wa_sbook.
    IF wa_sbook-luggweight LE 0.
      wa_sbook-icon = 1.  " Red Traffic Light
    ELSEIF wa_sbook-luggweight LE 10.
      wa_sbook-icon = 2.  " Yellow Traffic Light
    ELSE.
      wa_sbook-icon = 3.  " Green Traffic Light
    ENDIF.
    MODIFY it_sbook FROM wa_sbook TRANSPORTING icon.
    CLEAR: wa_sbook.
  ENDLOOP.

*Build field catalog
  wa_fieldcat-fieldname  = 'CARRID'.    " Fieldname in the data table
  wa_fieldcat-seltext_m  = 'Airline'.   " Column description in the output
  APPEND wa_fieldcat TO it_fieldcat.
  CLEAR wa_fieldcat.

  wa_fieldcat-fieldname  = 'CONNID'.
  wa_fieldcat-seltext_m  = 'Con. No.'.
  APPEND wa_fieldcat TO it_fieldcat.
  CLEAR wa_fieldcat.

  wa_fieldcat-fieldname  = 'FLDATE'.
  wa_fieldcat-seltext_m  = 'Date'.
  APPEND wa_fieldcat TO it_fieldcat.
  CLEAR wa_fieldcat.

  wa_fieldcat-fieldname  = 'BOOKID'.
  wa_fieldcat-seltext_m  = 'Book. ID'.
  APPEND wa_fieldcat TO it_fieldcat.
  CLEAR wa_fieldcat.

  wa_fieldcat-fieldname  = 'FORCURAM'.
  wa_fieldcat-seltext_m  = 'Price'.
  APPEND wa_fieldcat TO it_fieldcat.
  CLEAR wa_fieldcat.

  wa_fieldcat-fieldname  = 'FORCURKEY'.
  wa_fieldcat-seltext_m  = 'Currency'.
  APPEND wa_fieldcat TO it_fieldcat.
  CLEAR wa_fieldcat.

  wa_fieldcat-fieldname  = 'LUGGWEIGHT'.
  wa_fieldcat-seltext_m  = 'Weight'.
  APPEND wa_fieldcat TO it_fieldcat.
  CLEAR wa_fieldcat.

  wa_fieldcat-fieldname  = 'WUNIT'.
  wa_fieldcat-seltext_m  = 'Unit'.
  APPEND wa_fieldcat TO it_fieldcat.
  CLEAR wa_fieldcat.

*Fill layout info.
*Fill traffic lights field name in the ALV layout
  is_layout-lights_fieldname = 'ICON'.

*Pass data and field catalog to ALV function module to display ALV list
  CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
    EXPORTING
      i_callback_program = g_repid
      is_layout          = is_layout
      it_fieldcat        = it_fieldcat
    TABLES
      t_outtab           = it_sbook
    EXCEPTIONS
      program_error      = 1
      OTHERS             = 2.
     

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